2009-01-06 18:41
注:制作山寨节点的必备材料:-)
from: freaklabs.org
Zigbee/802.15.4 Chip Comparison Guide
| Written by Akiba |
| Tuesday, 18 March 2008 |
|
I put together a Zigbee/802.15.4 chip comparison guide. There is another one up on the web , but it hasn't been updated since 2004. I thought I would put together the 2008 version since a lot of the info on the 2004 chart is a bit obsolete. Such as:
- The AT86RF210 is EOL'd
- CompXS was purchased by Integrated
- Ember's EM2420 was a re-marked CC2420 which disappeared after TI purchased Chipcon
- ZMD no longer makes their Zigbee chip. I think they cut some deal with Renesas which gave them the IP
So I figured it was time for an update. I don't guarantee the accuracy of the tables, although I took all of the information from the datasheets on the vendors' websites. Also, I initially tried to do it in HTML tables, but HTML tables suck. So I put the tables together in an external program and then exported it as a JPG. Hopefully, you can read it. The first table is a comparison guide for transceivers only. You can click on it to get the full JPG. All values are "typical" unless stated otherwise. The font is a bit small due to the size of the table so I've included a PDF document at the end of the post in case it's difficult to read.
The second comparison table is for integrated MCUs + Transceivers. The integrated category is quite complex and I might expand this one later. Integrating an MCU and a radio is difficult because many features come into play: ADC, ADC Resolution, number of timers, types of timers, GPIO, development tools, architecture, etc... I might need to make a more comprehensive list, but here is the first stab at it. Regarding the power consumption values, in cases where a multi-chip module are used (they just stuck an MCU and a radio die on the same substrate), the power values are given as separate MCU and RF numbers since I couldn't get the actual total consumption value. If anyone can correct me on these, please let me know...
In case these images are too small, I've made the PDF available here as well as an easy pdf download link at the bottom of this page. If you find any mistakes or if I left out anything significant, please feel free to drop me an email or leave a comment or send me a private message (see, there is some benefit to being registered) or post on the discussion forum or instant message me. Just kidding. I don't like instant messaging much.
Click Here to download the PDF
|
Updated 2008-12-05: Added AT86RF231 and MC13224 chips to the chip comparison guide.
Updated 2008-12-12: Fixed to include the Microchip MRF24J40 and the Radiopulse MG2400. These were cut off by the margins on the PDF utility. |
2008-12-28 22:42
2008-12-25 09:18
根据CodeProject上某篇文章代码修改而成,启动后进入系统托盘.
使用:
Alt键 + 鼠标滚轮 --> 滚轮滚动调节系统音量大小
Alt键 + 鼠标左键 --> 当前音量和最小音量间切换
鼠标左右键点击托盘图标显示菜单项:退出(Exit),关于(About).
Windows XP Pro & Visual C++ 6.0下编译链接通过.
下载
CodeProject基本源代码 |
2008-12-18 18:49
刚为一起研究的本科生作了一张ppt,讲述数据包在NS2无线节点(MobileNode)协议栈中的流动情况.
四张: 发送,转发,接收,ns2文档中未提到的无线网络各trace对象所在的位置.
ppt可以在 这里下载
还有一本电子版的 NS2与网络模拟可以在 这里下载,尽管写的实在是... |
2008-12-14 22:52
2008-12-12 09:40
Intel Looks To Blanket The World With Self-Powered Sensors
The wireless identification and sensing platform, or WISP, could be used for measuring the environment or inserted into the human body to detect medical problems.
By Antone Gonsalves, InformationWeek
Dec. 5, 2008
URL: http://www.informationweek.com/story/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=212202257
Intel is developing self-powered microchips that could be implanted in the human body, a mobile phone, a building, or anyplace else where people wish to gather information.
Called a "wireless identification and sensing platform," or WISP, the devices were among several technologies described Friday by Intel CTO Justin Rattner during a meeting with reporters in San Francisco. Most of the technologies discussed are under development in Intel labs and are unlikely to reach the marketplace in products for at least three to five years.
All of the inventions were designed to be energy-efficient. The WISP sensors would use Intel technology for drawing power from the environment. "These are install-and-forget kind of systems," Rattner said.
The power would come from wireless transmissions, such as a Wi-Fi hotspot, a cellular tower, or a TV broadcast, making it possible for the sensors to continuously gather information in almost any environment, Rattner said.
In an experiment conducted by Intel in San Francisco, sensors implanted in street sweepers were used to monitor air quality throughout the city.
"We could, in fact, litter the planet with these things," he said. "Rather than depend on satellite information, we could literally get instantaneous, near-global indication of the state of the planet."
Self-powered sensors could one day go into the human body to monitor health-related activity, such as the beat of a heart. If researchers could shrink detectors to the molecular level, they could one day be capable of detecting viruses in the environment to determine the potential health risk.
Within the data center, sensors could be used to map the heat levels of the different systems in order to create a "thermally aware load management" system, Rattner said. Systems that are running hot could have some of their workloads shifted to idle systems, thereby lowering the overall temperature, which would lower the demand on cooling systems.
Along with sensors, Intel labs is experimenting with the use of microchips to gather energy from other sources, such as the sun or the movement of a trackball in a smartphone, to recharge a battery in a mobile device.
"Wouldn't it be nice if you could go almost indefinitely without recharging the battery?" Rattner said.
For Intel, sensor technology "might turn into a business opportunity" in the future, Rattner said. But a lot of the other experimental technology is likely to be licensed for use by other companies and not necessarily end up as separate Intel products.
An example of the latter is work Intel is doing with manufacturers of power supplies for computing systems. Today, most power supplies use multiple voltage regulators to take incoming AC power from an outlet and transform it into DC power at different voltage levels to power multiple components within the system, such as hard disk drives and graphics and sound cards.
The problem with the use of multiple voltage regulators is they aren't very power-efficient. As a result, traditional power supplies are from 55% to 70% efficient, Rattner said. Intel is working on technology that would let a microchip regulate power, which would boost the efficiency to 90%.
Intel is building power management within a microchip, so power levels could be adjusted microsecond by microsecond in following the fluctuations in energy needed to power CPUs or modules within a chipset, Rattner said. Today, power levels have to be kept higher than needed during light workloads to make sure enough energy is available to meet sudden demands for processing power.
Moving power management from software to hardware within a computer would improve energy efficiency during light workloads to 70% from 10% today, Rattner said.
中文版本from: http://www.eetchina.com/ART_8800556238_617687_NT_83cc9e56.HTM#
Intel正着手研发多项 节能技术，可利用免费能源对 手机等装置进行 供电以及为电子装置和数据中心节能。
Intel在上周召开了一次聚焦其“Eco-Technology（环保技术）”研发的会议。该公司CTO Justin Rattner公开了一系列有关节能和发电技术的长期研发计划。
如，Rattner 表示Intel已开发出可以植入人体、手机以及建筑物内部并且自行供电的微芯片。
Rattner还表示，会上所讨论的大多数技术目前正在Intel实验室进行开发，但这些产品要真正商业化，至少还需要三到五年的时间。
在无线识别和传感平台(wireless identification and sensing platform ，Wisp)中，传感器将采用Intel技术从周围环境获取能量。“他们是一类安装后即可忽略（install-and-forget）的系统”。
该技术可以将来自无线传输，如Wi-Fi hotspot，蜂窝基站或TV广播的信号转换为电能，这样传感器几乎在所有环境下都可以持续地收集到信号。
传感器可以无线传送信号，通过在充电前发送大量数据至接收器提供对环境的实时报告。
目前已展开一项实验，将Wisps安装在旧金山的道路清洁车上用于监控制空气污染情况。
据Rattner表示，这项技术对数据中心的管理也有着深远影响。置入数据中心的Wisps可以精确地监控散其散热情况，使管理人员可以调整机器的计算负载以降温，节省了成本。
他表示，自行供电的传感器有朝一日将被置入人体以监控人体的健康情况。若研发人员能够研发出分子般大小的检验器，那么它们将可以用于检测人体内的病毒，检查出潜在的健康隐患。
除了传感器之外，Intel还着手研究通过使用微芯片从其它能量源（如太阳能或智能手机中轨迹球的移动）收集能量，对移动装置中的电池进行充电，这项技术目前正处在验证阶段。
对Intel而言，传感技术存在很大商机。但Intel的很多其它正在验证中的新技术极可能以授权的方式提供给其它公司使用，而非直接由Intel以单一产品的形式推出。
如，Intel 和许多计算系统用电源制造商有合作。Intel目前正着手研发一项技术，该项技术采用IC调节电源，可将效率提高到90%。
本文完~~~~~~~~~简而言之,工业界,终于对实际的供电问题下手了,解决问题,而不是指着问题灌水.挺好的! |
2008-12-08 12:54
Wireless Sensor Network Helps School Cut Its Energy Use
|
The City of London School for Girls is employing wireless sensor nodes to manage temperatures in about 130 zones set up in its building, reducing the tendency to overheat certain rooms.
By Claire Swedberg
Dec. 5, 2008— The City of London School for Girls is heating its facility more efficiently and more comfortably, thanks to a wireless sensor system that allows each room to be controlled independently, in order to maintain the optimum temperature. The system is intended to lessen the school's carbon footprint by reducing the tendency to overheat some rooms, with wireless sensor nodes that were easier and less expensive to install than a traditional wired system.
The system, developed by Control Technologies Ltd. (CTL), was provided by sister company ARO Performance Systems Ltd. Another of CTL's partner companies, Ambient Environment Solutions Ltd., is undertaking installation using Jennic's JenNet system and wireless sensors, based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. The school installed the system in one floor over the summer break, and is now deploying the wireless sensors throughout the rest of the five-story building during the December winter break.
 |
| Andrew Osborn |
A private day school for girls of all ages, the academic institution is considered one of London's more prestigious schools. It utilizes the city's enterprise-wide TAC Andover Continuum building management system (BMS) to control the temperature in its 120 classrooms and offices. The school has been struggling with inconsistent temperatures, whereby some rooms were overheated and the windows in those rooms were opened to cool them down, leading to energy waste.
Control Technologies Ltd. has been providing the City of London with building management service for its heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems, both for restoration and maintenance purposes. In this case, faced with the challenges before the School for Girls, CTL found that a Jennic wireless system—which Control Technologies had been testing in other city buildings for the past two years—would be the optimal solution.
The five-story school, constructed with concrete, stone, masonry and a metal grid, did not lend itself to additional wiring, says Andrew Osborn, director of ARO and CTL. Running new wires through the building's walls was simply not feasible, but the school required an upgrade to its HVAC system. "The energy consumption at the school was very high," Osborn says, "and they needed to get that under control without disrupting the fabric of the building, and without disrupting school activities there." That meant there would be no drilling of holes or cable installation.
The school has under-floor heating mats and electric space heaters that warm the building in five heating zones. Until now, none of the heating elements within a specific zone could be controlled individually, leading to very little ability to regulate each classroom's temperature. With the new JenNet system, the school increased the number of individually controllable zones from five to approximately 130, using 160 Jennic wireless sensors.
Each Jennic device contains a 32-bit RFID chip wired to a temperature sensor, and is powered by two AA batteries. At preset intervals, the sensor node awakens, collects temperature data and transmits that information, along with its unique ID number and the condition of its batteries, to the wireless mesh routers at a distance of up to 100 feet, or through three partitions (such as walls). The sensor then goes back to sleep.
Six routers are plugged directly into outlets on each floor and, in turn, transmit signals to a "coordinator" or "gateway node"—one per floor. The sensor nodes and routers transmit their 2.4 GHz signals according to an IEEE 802.15.4 air-interface protocol. Each gateway node is connected to the BMS system on the proprietary RS485 serial field bus, connecting data to the enterprise system via the City's Ethernet wide area network (WAN). In this way, the City of London can monitor HVAC data from the many zones within the school, to see how the heating system is functioning.
Each floor's gateway node is also cabled to the school's power distribution boards, which control the power running the floor heating pads at any specific zone, based on that zone's temperature sensor data. There are six routers installed on each floor, with about 30 in the building altogether.
The greatest obstacle to the mesh system, Osborn says, involves the elevator shafts, which are highly metallic and can obstruct the RF signal. Nodes are installed in such a way, however, as to transmit around those obstacles.
The installation cost was 80 percent less than that of a wired solution, says Tony Lucido, Jennic's VP of marketing, and installation time was 90 percent less. What's more, he adds, "there was no need to redecorate the building after installation of the wireless sensor network."
By the end of December, Osborn predicts the system will be fully installed with 160 nodes. The installation is being conducted outside of school hours, but in the zones where it is already installed, he says, "It is going blindingly well." This, he notes, is not a plug-and-play solution. There has been a lot of pain over several years, he says, experimenting with the technology in several City of London buildings (mainly due to read range issues involving the stone, masonry and concrete of London's larger buildings) and finding the proper frequency that would transmit appropriately in older buildings such as the girls' school.
Now that the preliminary research has been completed, Lucido says, the wireless system is proving to be a simple installation. "This is a very convenient way to retrofit," he states.
from: http://www.rfidjournal.com/article/articleprint/4484/-1/1/ |
2008-12-06 15:41
Motelab是哈佛大学开发的一个开放的无线传感器网络实验环境, 地址在: motelab.eecs.harvard.edu/index.php.
使用前需要注册: motelab.eecs.harvard.edu/user-signup.php
Motelab主页介绍了实验床的硬件、软件环境:
Hardware
We have deployed 190 TMote Sky sensor "motes", which consist of an TI MSP430 processor running at 8MHz, 10KB of RAM, 1Mbit of Flash memory and a Chipcon CC2420 radio operating at 2.4GHz with an indoor range of approximately 100 meters. Each node includes sensors for light, temperature, and humidity.
Each mote is powered from wall power (rather than batteries) and is connected to the departmental Ethernet, which facilitates direct capture of data and uploading of new programs. The Ethernet connection is used as a debugging and reprogramming feature only, as nodes will generally communicate via radio.
Software
Nodes run the TinyOS operating system and are programmed in the NesC programming language, a component-oriented variant of C. Typically, you will be able to prototype your application either using the TOSSIM simulation environment or with a handful of motes on your desktop. You then use the MoteLab web interface to upload your program to the building-wide network.
SensorWeb课题组的研究人员给出了 使用步骤和注意事项
使用的问题可以在MoteLab的邮件列表上提问
实际上,我所在的原WSN课题组的ProNet也是很不错的,界面可以 参见这里,只是实验室已经不再做WSN这个方向,因此暂时搁置了.希望我将来有机会留在高校工作的话,能够建立起教育网内的山寨"MoteLab" :-). |
2008-12-02 13:47
http://www.unix-center.net/bbs/viewthread.php?tid=7689
Unix-Center.Net的Sun SPOT创意大赛
Unix-Center.Net已经获得5 套Sun SPOT设备，可以无偿借给本站对Sun SPOT技术感兴趣的用户。每套Sun SPOT包括两个有传感器的节点（可以用作远程节点）和一个没有传感器的节点（可以用作主机端数据采集节点）。我们从现在开始向全站用户征集创意，从中评 选出5 个最佳创意，向每个最佳创意提供一套Sun SPOT设备进行程序开发，为期6 个月。如果6 个月以后该创意成功实现，我们将考虑将该Sun SPOT赠送给相关开发人员。
如何参加这项活动？您需要按照如下步骤进行：
1 学习本站学习中心的“无线传感器网络 -- 从理论到实践”，了解无线传感器网络领域的基本概念，以及Sun SPOT的技术优势。
2 想一个具体的应用，如果您有一套Sun SPOT设备，你会用来做什么应用？
3 在本站论坛的“无线传感器网络”版本发表一篇帖子，题目为“项目提案：[项目名称] -- [本人ID]”，包括如下内容：
(1) 项目名称
(2) 项目小组成员
(3) 项目综述：这个项目的目的是什么，打算解决什么问题
(4) 项目设计：简单地陈述该项目的主要部分，每部分的主要功能，技术难点
(5) 项目计划：简单地陈述该项目分几个阶段完成，每个阶段需要多长时间
(6) 其他需要说明的部分
在您的创意中，需要突出为什么您选用Sun SPOT作为关键设备。Sun SPOT的哪些特性使得您决定采用Sun SPOT而不是其他类似的设备。 |
2008-11-29 22:05
The TinyOS 2.x Plugin for Eclipse, developed at the Distributed Computing Group of ETH Zurich, aims to provide developers with all the convenience functions expected from a modern development environment.
Key Features
- Realtime code validation
- Syntax highlighting
- Context sensitive code completion
- Stub generation for interfaces
- Hyperlink navigation across files and to definitions
- Compilation & flashing from within Eclipse
- Component graph
- Outline view
- C preprocessor view
- MIG & NCG support
For more, visiting the homepage here. |
2008-11-27 09:31
http://www.nikkeibp.com.cn/china/news/mobi/pr_sino200811270110.html
【日经BP社报道】
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| 图1 富士通无线传感网络节能技术展区 |
 |
| 图2 无线传感网络节能技术展示 |
富士通公司在2008富士通中国论坛上，介绍展出了无线传感网络节能技术中研究成果。无线传感器网络（Wireless Sensor Networks，简称WSN）是集信息感知、采集、处理、传输于一体的综合智能无线信息系统，可用于生态环保、医疗健康、智能交通、仓储物流、智能家居 等诸多领域。无线传感网的节点一般由电池供电，对节点能耗有更加苛刻的要求，通过采用各种节能技术，在满足应用的条件下，最大化网络的生命期是需要优先考 虑的问题。
富士通公司对ECMA368、IEEE 802.15.4、SMAC协议进行了全面评估，比较它们在星型、树型、网格型拓扑结构下，在不同节点数、不同占空比、不同包间隔下的吞吐量、功率、能量 消耗等性能指标。使节能式无线传感器网络由希望变为现实，适用于军事、空间与海洋探索、建筑、工业安全、交通控制、智能家居及农业科学等领域。
富士通无线传感网中节能技术具有两个技术特点：
一是基于时效性约束WSN生命期最大化跨层优化设计。该设计体现为两个优化课题：优化设计每条路径上各个节点的发射功率，使路径上的总体能量 消耗最小化；设计优化的路径分配比例因子，使得整个网络的能量消耗最小化。每个节点按照优化的路径比例分配因子进行数据包传输的路径选择，每条路径上的节 点按照最优的发射功率进行调整，实现网络能量消耗的平衡，达到网络生命期最大化。
二是基于IEEE 802.15.4协议的传感器节点占空比独立自适应调节方法。通过延长传感器节点休眠时间可以最有效的减少节点功率消耗，但是会带来通信时延的增加。通过 采用网络协调器独立地根据从各节点收到的数据帧发送队列信息对各节点占空比和信标间隔进行自适应调节，使得网络的功率消耗和通信时延这对相互矛盾的性能指 标能够在不同的网络负载条件下取得良好的平衡。
富士通基于数据包时效性约束下无线传感网络生命周期最大化的跨层优化设计方法，即在网络的路由更新时间内，节点收集其附近的无线信道环境信 息，并通过无线多跳的形式传送给Sink节点。Sink节点根据路由表在该路径上各跳重传次数之和小于给定重传限制的条件下，使每条路径上传输数据所消耗 的能量最小化。根据能量有效性原则，Sink节点计算每条路经的最佳比例分配因子，即节点对路由表中的路径，按照路径比例分配因子进行数据包传输的路径选 择，平衡网络能量消耗，最大化网络生命周期。（特约记者：贾子昂） |
2008-11-25 20:05
Everything Linux and Open Source
ns-2 network simulator: Free, yes; friendly, no
July 18, 2006 (8:00:00 AM) - 2 years, 4 months ago
By: Nauman Afzal
The open source network simulation tool ns-2 is an invaluable tool for researchers working on wired or wireless networks. I came across ns-2 while working on my thesis. I needed a network simulator, and since my college lacked the brand-name heavyweights, I had to look for an alternative that was free but could do the job. While ns-2 is free, it's also pretty unfriendly.
ns-2 is a variant of the REAL network simulator. Over the past few years it has been evolving, and it is still far from complete. Several organizations have been involved in its development, including DARPA, Xerox, UCB, and Sun Microsystems. The objective has been to make a network simulation tool to study and analyze new ideas in detail before implementation.
The software has been designed to work on Linux, but it can be made to run on Windows XP by using the Cygwin tool. For the current version ns-2.29, Fedora Core 2 is recommended, although ns-2 may work on Red Hat 9 or even FC4. Though there are no stringent hardware requirements, using a fast PC will result in less wasted time when you're running large simulations.
Installing ns-2 shouldn't be difficult for anyone familiar with unzipping source code, which can be downloaded for free from the ns-2 Web site. ns-2 runs from the command line; there is little GUI or drag-and-drop functionality.
The simulator structure uses two languages: OTcl scripting on the front end, and C++ on the back end. You use OTcl scripting to make a simulation scenario, which may include network components like nodes, routers, and link bandwidth. When using Windows-based simulators like Opnet and OMNeT, making a simulation scenario is as easy as dragging and dropping the required network components onto a workspace. In order to make a simulation scenario with ns-2, however, one has to learn OTcl in some detail, and that means the learning curve to use ns-2 can be quite steep.
Then, on the back end, there is C++. If, for instance, you are making a Mobile IP-based simulation, you have to enable the relevant Mobile IP C++ files in the OTcl code. The OTcl code links to the C++ files, so when the OTcl code runs, it calls the relevant C++ code to execute a particular task.
Results of the simulations are shown in a tabular form in what ns-2 calls trace files. One line in a trace file is produced for each data packet that travels from the initiating node to the terminating node. Since the trace files record every parameter of a data packet, including its size, start time, type, time to live, starting node, and ending node, ns-2 generates huge trace files. For example, in a Mobile IP simulation run of 120 seconds involving two nodes, the relevant trace file generated takes up a hefty 100MB. Run on a Pentium III client, the simulation could take more than 45 minutes to finish.
Filtering out required data from the trace files presents another issue. The data in trace files is in tabular form, with each column separated by a white space. You need to employ a programming language to filter out the required data. I have found that Perl or awk can handle the white space issue well.
ns-2 comes bundled with Xgraph to plot the data on a graph for analysis. You can also use a spreadsheet to make relevant plots and curves.
Though ns-2 provides limited ability to view the animations after the simulation, its sister program Network Animator (NAM) makes it possible. NAM also can record the animation in the form of graphics as the simulation progresses. These graphics can then be converted to GIF or AVI format for later viewing. NAM also provides options for adjusting the step size of the animation in milliseconds, zooming in and out, and pausing the animation.
In addition to being a research tool, ns-2 is also an excellent educational tool. The built-in tutorials provide an in-depth understanding of networks, their different protocols, and layer functions. For research, you will have to tinker with the C++ files that work in the background, and that can be mind-boggling at times. However, user support via mailing lists is excellent. Posted questions are usually answered in 24 hours, and that is one of the reasons why I chose ns-2 instead of OMNeT.
I advise anyone planning to try ns-2 to have patience and be ready for a lot of experimentation and tinkering.
Read in the original layout at: http://www.linux.com/feature/55614 |
2008-11-23 12:25
列出NS2中当前某一类别模型下的所有子模型名称
I creat this tcl file for listing models in NS2.
List.tcl
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proc showAgent {arg1 arg2} {
foreach cl [$arg1 info subclass] {
set head |-
for {set i 2} {$i <= $arg2} {incr i 1} {
append head -
} append head $cl
puts $head
if {[$cl info subclass]!=""} {
showAgent $cl [expr $arg2 + 1]
}
}
}
set name [lindex $argv 0]
puts $name
showAgent $name 1
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USAGE:
./ns List.tcl module_name
module_name: Agent, Application, Queue, Mac, Trace, Object, TclObject...
Example:
./ns List.tcl Mac
Mac
|-Mac/802_15_4
|-Mac/Sat
|--Mac/Sat/UnslottedAloha
|-Mac/Simple
|-Mac/SMAC
|-Mac/Tdma
|-Mac/802_3
|-Mac/802_11Ext
|-Mac/802_11
./ns List.tcl Queue
Queue
|-Queue/XCP
|-Queue/GK
|-Queue/REM
|-Queue/Vq
|-Queue/PI
|-Queue/dsRED
|--Queue/dsRED/core
|--Queue/dsRED/edge
|-Queue/Demarker
|-Queue/Marker
|-Queue/JoBS
|-Queue/CBQ
|--Queue/CBQ/WRR
|-Queue/SRR
|-Queue/DRR
|-Queue/FQ
|-Queue/SFQ
|-Queue/RED
|--Queue/RED/Pushback
|--Queue/RED/PD
|--Queue/RED/RIO
|---Queue/RED/RIO/Semantic
|--Queue/RED/Semantic
|-Queue/SimpleIntServ
|-Queue/DropTail
|--Queue/DropTail/XCPQ
|--Queue/DropTail/PriQueue
Contact Information
Email: fangvv@gmail.com
Website: http://sites.google.com/site/fangvv |
2008-11-20 17:27
使用Source Insight分析NS2代码
Source Insight
(http://www.sourceinsight.com)
Introduction: http://www.sourceinsight.com/prodinfo.html
Trial Version: http://www.sourceinsight.com/eval.html
User Manual: http://www.sourceinsight.com/docsv3.html
Adding support for .cc file:
1. Click “Options” Menu --> “Document Options” Dialog
2. In “Document Options” Dialog:
Select "C++ Source File" in "Document Type" Droplist --> Add “;*.cc” in “File filter”
--> Click “Close” Button
Adding support for .tcl file:
1. Download tcl language file from: http://www.sourceinsight.com/public/languages/TCL.CLF
2. Click “Options” Menu --> “Preferences” Dialog --> “Languages” Tab
3. In “Languages” Tab:
Click “import” Button --> Select “TCL.CLF” to import the tcl language file --> Select “TCL” in “Language” --> Click “Doc Types…” Button in “Languages” Tab --> “Document Options” Dialog
4. In “Document Options” Dialog:
Click “Add Type…” Button --> Type “tcl” as Document Type Name --> Type “*.tcl” in “File filter” --> Select “TCL” in “Language” Droplist --> Select "Include when adding to projects" Checkbox --> Click “Close” Button
Import NS2 Source code
1. Click "Project" Menu --> New Project --> Type “NS2” as the project name --> Click “OK” Button --> Click “OK” Button in “New Project Setting” Dialog --> “Add and Remove Project Files” Dialog
2. In “Add and Remove Project Files” Dialog:
Select the NS2 source code file folder --> Click “Add All” Button --> Select “Recursively add lower sub-directories” --> Click “OK” Button --> Click “OK” for importing source code --> Click “Close” Button in “Add and Remove Project Files” Dialog
That’s ok! Enjoy it! For how to use Source Insight, please refer to its User Manual.
PS. You can also try the open source “Source Navigator” http://sourcenav.sourceforge.net/ and “Source Navigator NG” http://sourcenav.berlios.de/ .
Contact Information
Email: fangvv@gmail.com
Website: http://sites.google.com/site/fangvv
|
2008-11-17 17:49
使用NOAH (NO Ad-Hoc Routing Agent) 无线网络静态路由
Wireless Static Routing With NOAH (NO Ad-Hoc Routing Agent)
参考资料: http://icapeople.epfl.ch/widmer/uwb/ns-2/noah/
目前NS2官方版本中的DSDV、DSR、AODV和TORA等路由协议均使用路由封包广播的方式来建立节点间的路由路径.相比而言,NOAH是一个可以由NS2使用者自己来设置路由路径的Routing Agent模块,路由表项均可由使用者在模拟script中指定.
[安装方法]
以下步骤在NS2.31版本上完成,当前路径为~/ns-2.31.
1. 在Makefile.in檔的OBJ_CC段中,增加
2. 在Makefile.in檔的NS_TCL_LIB段中,增加
3. 建立一个新目录noah,下载noah.h 和noah.cc到这个目录下
4. 下载noah.tcl到tcl/mobility/目录下
5. 对tcl/lib/ns-lib.tcl档的相关部分进行修改
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source ../mobility/dsdv.tcl
source ../mobility/dsr.tcl
source ../mobility/com.tcl
#增加如下内容
source ../mobility/noah.tcl
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DSDV {
set ragent [$self create-dsdv-agent $node]
}
DSR {
$self at 0.0 "$node start-dsr"
}
AODV {
set ragent [$self create-aodv-agent $node]
}
TORA {
Simulator set IMEPFlag_ ON
set ragent [$self create-tora-agent $node]
}
#增加如下内容
NOAH {
set ragent [$self create-noah-agent $node]
}
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Simulator instproc create-tora-agent { node } {
set ragent [new Agent/TORA [$node id]]
$node set ragent_ $ragent
return $ragent
}
#增加如下函数
Simulator instproc create-noah-agent { node } {
# Create a noah routing agent for this node
set ragent [new Agent/NOAH]
## setup address (supports hier-addr) for noah agent
## and mobilenode
set addr [$node node-addr]
$ragent addr $addr
$ragent node $node
if [Simulator set mobile_ip_] {
$ragent port-dmux [$node demux]
}
$node addr $addr
$node set ragent_ $ragent
return $ragent
}
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6. 在终端执行如下命令,重新生成Makefile,清理并生成新的支持NOAH模块的NS2
|
./configure
make clean
make
|
[使用方法]
1. 在模拟script中,设置Routing Agent为NOAH.
|
……
set val(rp) NOAH
……
$ns_ node-config -adhocRouting $val(rp) \
……
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2. 仿真脚本中的路由表项设定规则为:
|
[$node_(N) set ragent_] routing C dest1 to-dest1-next dest2 to-dest2-next …
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其中N为节点id (N=0,1,2…), C为路由表项数目, destx是目标节点, to-destx-next是从当前节点N到达destx所要经由的下一跳节点id.
示例:
|
[$node_(0) set ragent_] routing 2 3 1 4 2
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表示节点0的路由表中有2项:到达节点3的下一跳节点为节点1,到达节点4的下一跳节点为节点2.
注意1: 路由表项数目(C)要等于实际所使用的数目,如示例中使用2项.
注意2: 若为一个目标节点指定多个下一跳节点,NOAH只选择最先设定的下一跳节点作为实际的下一跳节点.如[$node_(0) set ragent_] routing 2 3 1 3 2中节点0到达目标节点3的下一跳节点为节点1.
注意3: 路由路径手动设定时,必须将下一跳节点选择为当前节点通信半径范围内的某个节点,否则无法建立连通的路由路径.
Contact Information
Email: fangvv@gmail.com
Website: http://sites.google.com/site/fangvv
繁体中文版: http://140.116.72.80(台湾省 成功大学)/~smallko/ns2/noah_st.htm
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